2.
   2023
/  
 ()
: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.         
2.           
-
3.             
4.   -    
-
5.    
  
6.    -        
2.
-
7. '     ' '  
8. 
      ?   
   2023
/  
 ()
: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.         
:    
       
;       
    ,             
         ,      
         ,     
        ,        
        ,   
      
 ,       ,         "" 

        
2.
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   ?
""     ""  ""  ,          
                
 
  :
  
  
    
     
     
         

                

󽆤 
  ?""?

:
      


     
   (),  (),     
        
               
,
          
󷙣󷙤󷙥    
       ,    ,  ,  ,  , 
        ,     '    
      
    
 -   
 :
    ()   
  ()   
   ()    
  ()   
2.

    ,           
             
󷈘󷈙   ?
        :  
""     ""  ""    " "  "
"         :
      
     "," ,      
  :      ,         
   
            
    
 ,  
               - 
       -         
󷚆󷚇󷚈   ?
    
          ,
              
     
     :
     ()   
      ()  
   
     
                

   ,       
      :
",    ,              "
     ,      
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
?
             :
    
   '   
       
 
              
  ,        :
     
  
   
       
 
󼩏󼩐󼩑    (  )   
       :
 
 

 ()
    
  +        
  
     
  
  
  
  
󷗰󷗮󷗯     ?
 
   ,  
          
      , ,    ' 
 
   ,  
          
          - 
       
 
 -        ;    
2.
󷙼󷙽󷙾󷙿󷚀󷚁󷚂󷚄󷚃󷚃󷚃󷚃󷚃󷚅       |
      :
           
       
        ,    

 
           
 -  , 
   
󷊭󷊮󷊯󷊱󷊰󷊲󷊳󷊴󷊵󷊶 
         -     
      
        

           
      


          , ,   
       , ,     
       ,       
 
2.           
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
     ,      
     
 -   ,      
   12
 18
  ,     ,   
     ,         
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :           ,
       
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
,   , ,         
     
2.
   ,       
     ,      
     ,        ' 

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:                
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
            
  
           
         ,    
  
,      '   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 13
  -,         
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
            

      ,       
     
          ,  
       
   ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:               
       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1. 
          
,  ,         
        
2. 
  ,      
      
      
2.
3.   
:        
:  '      ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
  ( ):     ,  
  
  ( ):     , 
     
:,        ,   
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     


 
           ,  
 

   ,     ,   


 ,     

        


    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
     
      

       
 ,    '   
            

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :      
 -     
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
              ,
         ,    
         ,     
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
2.
           ,  , 
           ,   
   ,   ,    -
    
-
3.             
:        
 
          ,    
     -         
; 
,               
  - , , ,          
   ,         
      14  1922 ,  (    
)            
,      
            ,  
      ,   ,     
                  
        ,        
       
   ,     
                
  
 ,     ,       
           ,     

 ,              
    
     ,           
             
     
          
  
  ;   ,  ,  
      
 ,            
       
        
      ,         
-                 
         
2.
   -     
1950   ,         '  
 
                  
               
      ,          
      ,         -
,         
1955 ,             
               
      
;         ,
               
    
        
;      
          
  -     
               ,  
1956             ,  
 ()      
              
     
          
   ,   ,          
             
    
    
               ,  
      
 ,           

 ,               
        ''    -    , 
 ,       
       ,    ,   
            ,    
             , 
        
            ""  ""
               
2.
  
    ,           
:
  (1967)
  (1989)-        
   
        
      
,    '    
 
  
 -     ,          
    
,            
          ,      
  
      
     18   2009   ,      
       ,         , 
           

          ;     ,
   ,            
              
 
    , ,        
     
      
 -     ,
 ,            
4.   -    
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
   ,          -    ,
    ,        , -   ,
             
2.
-    :       ,    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :       -   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼1.  () 
:   (19
)
:      '      

:
o   
(   )
o   ' 
o      
  :  ,  
:        ,    '
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  "  " ,  ,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼2.  
:     ,     "" 
:    ,     
:
o  (,    -) '  
o    
o  ,  
  :  
: '      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  "  "  , ,   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼3.  
:,     
:     
 
:
o      
o ,   
o    
:        ,     

2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  "  "  , ,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼4.  
:,   '    
:      
:
o      ()
o   
o    -
:      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  "-  "  , ,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼5.  
:   (20
   )
:        
:
o      
o     ' 
o   ( )     
  :  ,  
:   '  ,       

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  "  "   -     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

 
 

 
 , , 


 
,   ,
  

-
,  ,  


 ,  

/
    ,
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
       
 
2.
       
    
  ,       ,    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :        -   -   

󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
       -  -   
 
   () 
 
   ,   ()   
  ( )  
    '   () 
 
      () 
 
  ,         -    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
, ,  ,         
  
        - , , -
, ,     ,          
       
-
5.    
  
:      
          , ,    
              ,  

 ,               , 
          ,      
             -  - 
           
         
2.
       
                
  
   ,    ,          
   -  , ,   
      ,    , 
  -   
        ,     ,    
      , , ,     
    ,   ,       
     
  -   
                
   ,           , 
                 
           ,      
 '    
           ',   
                 
           
,     -   
  
  -    
             ,  
          ',       
   , ,     
          ,     
                
   ,            
       
2.
  
          ,       
,         
   
   (-)  ,    ()   ()  
         ()   ()   

   :      
  ()   ,  ,         ,
  ,     
   
       ,           '
 :  -   -   -   /   - 
,  ,           , 
  '          
 ( 
)      
  
    ,        

   '  , 10              
      

     ,   ,         
         

 
 ()
2.
      
   




  
 
  ,        ,   ,  
   , 
      
   


 
  
 
   ,         '   , 
 
          
  
   ' -  ,     
     
            
,            , 
      -      ,     
      
   
      
2.
              ,
       
       
  
       

       ,       
      - ,       
  

 
 

, , 
, , 
 
, , 
 , , 

5  ()
5  ()

 
 
  
,  
, 

 
 + / 

, , 
 ,  , 
    
  ,           
    
             ,   
   
6.    -        
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
       ,     ,     
 ,                
   '            "",   
           '   
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :       -   ,     , 
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
1.  (-  ):
 
2.  ( ):
𝑆𝑎𝑅𝑒𝐺𝑎𝑀𝑎𝐷ℎ𝑎𝑁𝑖𝑆𝑎
3.  ( ):
𝑆𝑎𝑁𝑖𝐷ℎ𝑎𝑀𝑎𝐺𝑎𝑅𝑒𝑆𝑎
4.  (   ):
( )
5.  (  ):
(-  )
6.   :
  ( 9-12   )
7.  ():
, ,    
   (   )    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
  ( )     ,     
'    ,      
      -     
     ,      

 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       , ,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ()   
2.
       ,    '    '   , 
  ()           (16 )  
   
   (16 ):

    |     |     |    
   ( ):
 ( ):

    |     |     |     ||
 ( ):

    |     |     |     ||
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
  ()   ()   
       
 
          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  /  
1.    :        ,  -

2.    :   '   ,    
3.    :     
4.    :     ( ) '    
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
 :      
 
 : -        
 :     ,     
 
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
2.
             -  , 
 
              ,   
         ,        

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
       ,            
         ,       
         ,      

 
-
7. '     ' '  
:    
     ,   
            
    ,
 
  
 - 
, ,      
                  
  ,            
            
       ,       
    
       '    
   -     ,      
       ,       ,  ,
,    
         
     ,       ,      ,
       
 
      
     ,            
         ,   
     

  
             
 ,       -        
      , , ,       
      '      
  
   , ,    
2.
    ,       " " 
      

       
   
         ,  
   ,              ,  
            ,      
    
                
        '     
        '     
 ,       ,       

        
 
     :           

      
      :
              
            
       '       
  
 ,   ""          
     
 ,      
  
   
   
                 
       , , ,    
    
;           
   ,       
 ,             
      ,         
    
            ,
  ,          
        
2.
               , 
               
   ,          '   

           '     
 ,
         
    
         
    
       -      
   
   
     
      ,     '       

 ,   
 ,          ,  
                  
    
     ,          
      ,           , 
      
      
              (),
 (),  (),            
,       -       
                 
  ,       ,       
  
    
       ,       
                
               
  ,  
 ,           -
     ,     ,       
              


               
   ,    ,     , 
  ,    ,      
2.
                ,  
            ,    ,
       ,      ,
     ,           
     
8. 
      ?   
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
                
            ,    
 ,       
       
           ,   ,    
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :     -      ,   
         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?

     ,     ,  , 
        
   ,           
    
1.  :   
 ,      
 
2.  :     ( )     
3. :     '  ()       
( )   
4. :, ,    
    
                
 
2.
   -      ,   
  '   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
- 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?

           
     ""  ""
    ,   , , ,     
 
1.  :   ,      
2.  : ,         
3. :  ' -   ,       
4. : ,   ,     
    
         ,      
  
        ,     
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         -       
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    




, ,  
, , 

 + 
-  

, , 
, ,   

     

    , 

, 
, ,  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    

2.
          
       
 ,      -   

  -     
      
 
             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.   :           
2. :          
 
 
3.  :      ,    
    
4.   :    ,       
           ,    
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
    :
            

 
               
  
 ,  -   -     
, 
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
        -      
      ,       
      ,     
 ,  
     '   
"              
 
       ,       
 "